Atomic Register

Between 1945 and 1963 the United States detonated more than two hundred nuclear devices in the atmosphere — over the Pacific atolls, in the Nevada desert, at high altitude above the South Atlantic. Each was given a name. I collect and work with the photographs made of that programme, on the conviction that these images — nuclear testing, rocketry, spaceflight, scientific research, civil defence — belong to a single, interconnected history of how a century pictured its own power. That conviction is the Strangelove Collection, my archive of original vintage photography from the nuclear and space age. The register that follows draws one strand from it: the prints of the atmospheric tests themselves. These are not reproductions but the prints made at the time, by the institutions that documented the American nuclear programme: the Atomic Energy Commission, the Defense Atomic Support Agency, the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, the U.S. Army Signal Corps, and Lookout Mountain Laboratory, the classified U.S. Air Force film studio hidden in the Hollywood Hills. The black-and-white prints were sometimes released as press material; the colour prints, made in far smaller numbers, were representational objects — hung in senior officers’ offices or kept for documentation, rarely seen outside those circles. I have gathered these prints one at a time, over many years. They surface slowly, as the estates of the scientists and military personnel who once held them are dispersed — through auction houses, online sales, and sometimes the families directly. Each is scarce, and assembling them is patient, uncertain work. But the collecting is only where the work begins. What I work with is what these objects withhold as much as what they show: the print whose official caption misnames the shot, the verso stamped and then censored, the detonation no camera was ever allowed to record. In exhibitions and in this register, the archive and its silences are the subject, not only the tests. The register is necessarily partial, and the gaps are part of what it shows: only a fraction of the tests was ever photographed for public record, and classification, destroyed files, and remote sites kept much of this history invisible. But these were never neutral records. The images were made to project power — to reassure a public, to impress allies, to signal dominance — and most stayed classified, seen by almost no one outside the circles that commissioned them. To gather and show them now, as nuclear weapons return to open political argument, is to keep visible a history that was built to stay hidden, and to let it be looked at on terms other than the ones that made it.

247 atmospheric nuclear tests, 1945–1962. Also included are select underground tests whose detonations breached the surface, venting or cratering into the open. 87 with photographs in the collection.

·

Trinity 1945

  1. Trinity

Hiroshima & Nagasaki 1945

  1. Little Boy
  2. Fat Man

Crossroads 1946

  1. Able
  2. Baker

Ranger 1951

  1. Able
  2. Baker
  3. Easy
  4. Baker-2
  5. Fox
Able
Baker
Easy
Baker-2

Greenhouse 1951

  1. Dog
  2. Easy
  3. George
  4. Item

Buster-Jangle 1951

  1. Able
  2. Baker
  3. Charlie
  4. Dog
  5. Easy
  6. Sugar
  7. Uncle

Tumbler-Snapper 1952

  1. Able
  2. Baker
  3. Charlie
  4. Dog
  5. Easy
  6. Fox
  7. George
  8. How
Able
Baker
Fox
George
How

Upshot-Knothole 1953

  1. Annie
  2. Nancy
  3. Ruth
  4. Dixie
  5. Ray
  6. Badger
  7. Simon
  8. Encore
  9. Harry
  10. Grable
  11. Climax

Castle 1954

  1. Bravo
  2. Romeo
  3. Koon
  4. Union
  5. Yankee
  6. Nectar
Bravo
Romeo
Koon
Union
Yankee
Nectar

Teapot 1955

  1. Wasp
  2. Moth
  3. Tesla
  4. Turk
  5. Hornet
  6. Bee
  7. Ess
  8. Apple-1
  9. Wasp Prime
  10. HA
  11. Post
  12. MET
  13. Apple-2
  14. Zucchini
Wasp
Moth
Turk
Apple-1
Wasp Prime
Post
Zucchini

Wigwam 1955

  1. Wigwam

Project 56 1955

  1. No. 1
  2. No. 2
  3. No. 3
  4. No. 4
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4

Redwing 1956

  1. Cherokee
  2. Lacrosse
  3. Zuni
  4. Yuma
  5. Erie
  6. Seminole
  7. Flathead
  8. Blackfoot
  9. Kickapoo
  10. Osage
  11. Inca
  12. Dakota
  13. Mohawk
  14. Apache
  15. Navajo
  16. Tewa
  17. Huron
Lacrosse
Zuni
Yuma
Erie
Flathead
Blackfoot
Kickapoo
Osage
Inca
Mohawk
Apache
Navajo
Tewa
Huron

Project 58 / 58A 1957–1958

  1. Pascal-C
  2. Coulomb-C
  3. Uranus
  4. Venus
  5. Luna
  6. Eddy
Pascal-C
Coulomb-C
Uranus
Venus
Luna
Eddy

Hardtack I 1958

  1. Yucca
  2. Cactus
  3. Fir
  4. Butternut
  5. Koa
  6. Wahoo
  7. Holly
  8. Nutmeg
  9. Yellowwood
  10. Magnolia
  11. Tobacco
  12. Sycamore
  13. Rose
  14. Umbrella
  15. Maple
  16. Aspen
  17. Walnut
  18. Linden
  19. Redwood
  20. Elder
  21. Oak
  22. Hickory
  23. Sequoia
  24. Cedar
  25. Dogwood
  26. Poplar
  27. Scaevola
  28. Pisonia
  29. Juniper
  30. Olive
  31. Pine
  32. Quince
  33. Teak
  34. Fig
  35. Orange
Yucca
Cactus
Fir
Butternut
Koa
Holly
Nutmeg
Magnolia
Tobacco
Sycamore
Rose
Maple
Aspen
Walnut
Linden
Redwood
Elder
Oak
Hickory
Sequoia
Cedar
Dogwood
Poplar
Scaevola
Pisonia
Juniper
Olive
Pine
Quince
Fig
Orange

Argus 1958

  1. Argus I
  2. Argus II
  3. Argus III
Argus I
Argus II
Argus III

Hardtack II 1958

  1. Eddy
  2. Mora
  3. Hidalgo
  4. Tamalpais
  5. Quay
  6. Lea
  7. Neptune
  8. Hamilton
  9. Logan
  10. Dona Ana
  11. Vesta
  12. Rio Arriba
  13. San Juan
  14. Socorro
  15. Wrangell
  16. Oberon
  17. Rushmore
  18. Catron
  19. Juno
  20. Ceres
  21. Sanford
  22. De Baca
  23. Chavez
  24. Mazama
  25. Humboldt
  26. Santa Fe
  27. Ganymede
  28. Titania
  29. Blanca
Mora
Hidalgo
Tamalpais
Quay
Lea
Hamilton
Dona Ana
Vesta
Rio Arriba
San Juan
Wrangell
Oberon
Rushmore
Catron
Juno
Ceres
Sanford
Chavez
Mazama
Humboldt
Santa Fe
Ganymede
Titania

Nougat 1961–1962

  1. Gnome ☢ Plowshare — salt dome cavity
  2. Danny Boy cratering shot — containment failure
  3. Hard Hat structural effects — DASA documented
  4. Marshmallow tunnel detonation — partial venting
Danny Boy
Hard Hat
Marshmallow

Dominic 1962

  1. Californian
  2. Aztec
  3. Arkansas
  4. Questa
  5. Frigate Bird
  6. Yukon
  7. Mesilla
  8. Muskegon
  9. Swordfish
  10. Encino
  11. Swanee
  12. Chetco
  13. Tanana
  14. Nambe
  15. Alma
  16. Truckee
  17. Yeso
  18. Harlem
  19. Rinconada
  20. Dulce
  21. Petit
  22. Otowi
  23. Bighorn
  24. Bluestone
  25. Starfish Prime
  26. Sunset
  27. Pamlico
  28. Androscoggin
  29. Bumping
  30. Chama
  31. Checkmate
  32. Bluegill Triple Prime
  33. Calamity
  34. Housatonic
  35. Kingfish
  36. Tightrope
Californian
Aztec
Mesilla
Muskegon
Swordfish
Swanee
Tanana
Nambe
Alma
Truckee
Harlem
Rinconada
Dulce
Petit
Otowi
Starfish Prime
Pamlico
Androscoggin
Bumping
Checkmate
Bluegill Triple Prime
Calamity
Housatonic
Kingfish
Tightrope

Sunbeam 1962

  1. Little Feller II
  2. Johnnie Boy
  3. Small Boy
  4. Little Feller I last atmospheric test at Nevada Test Site
Little Feller II
Little Feller I

Storax 1962–1963

  1. Sedan ☢ Plowshare — 104 kt crater, 1,280 ft diameter
  2. Bandicoot accidental release detected offsite
  3. Anacostia ☢ Plowshare — device development
  4. Kaweah ☢ Plowshare — device development
Bandicoot
Anacostia
Kaweah

Roller Coaster 1963

  1. Double Tracks zero yield
  2. Clean Slate I zero yield
  3. Clean Slate II zero yield
  4. Clean Slate III zero yield — last US atmospheric test
Clean Slate I
Clean Slate II
Clean Slate III

Whetstone 1964–1965

  1. Sulky
  2. Palanquin
Palanquin

Crosstie 1968

  1. Cabriolet
  2. Buggy

Bowline 1964

  1. Schooner ⚹ accidental atmospheric release — first Plowshare test, New Mexico
Schooner

Emery 1970

  1. Baneberry ⚹ accidental atmospheric release — 666th US nuclear test

Underground Nuclear Tests

1957–1992

After the Partial Test Ban Treaty of August 1963, all US nuclear testing moved underground. In the thirty years that followed, 760 devices were detonated in sealed shafts and tunnels — beneath Nevada, Alaska, Mississippi, Colorado and New Mexico — unseen, mostly unnamed in public discourse, accumulating at a rate of more than two per month. What follows is the record.

1958 Venus · Uranus · Mercury · Mars · Tamalpais · Neptune · Logan · Evans · Blanca · Otero · Bernalillo · Luna · Valencia
1961 Antler · Shrew · Boomer · Chena · Mink · Fisher · Mad · Ringtail · Feather
1962 Stoat · Agouti · Dormouse · Stillwater · Armadillo · Chinchilla · Codsaw · Cimarron · Platypus · Pampas · Ermine · Brazos · Hognose · Hoosic · Chinchilla II · Dormouse Prime · Passaic · Hudson · Platte · Dead · Black · Paca · Arikaree · Aardvark · Eel · White · Raccoon · Packrat · Des Moines · Daman I · Haymaker · Sacramento · Merrimac · Wichita · York · Bobac · Raritan · Hyrax · Peba · Allegheny · Mississippi · Roanoke · Wolverine · Tioga · Santee · St. Lawrence · Gundi · Taunton · Tendrac · Madison · Numbat · Manatee
1963 Casselman · Hatchie · Ferret · Acushi · Chipmunk · Carmel · Jerboa · Toyah · Gerbil · Ferret Prime · Coypu · Cumberland · Kootenai · Paisano · Gundi Prime · Tejon · Harkee · Stones · Pleasant · Yuba · Hutia · Apshapa · Mataco · Kennebec · Pekan · Satsop · Kohocton · Ahtanum · Bilby · Carp · Narragaugus · Grunion · Tornillo · Clearwater · Mullet · Anchovy · Mustang · Greys · Sardine · Eagle · Tuna
1964 Fore · Oconto · Club · Solendon · Bunker · Bonefish · Mackerel · Klickitat · Handicap · Pike · Hook · Sturgeon · Bogey · Turf · Pipefish · Driver · Backswing · Minnow · Ace · Bitterling · Duffer · Fade · Dub · Bye · Cormorant · Links · Trogon · Alva · Canvasback · Player · Haddock · Guanay · Spoon · Courser · Auk · Par · Barbel · Garden · Forest · Handcar · Crepe · Drill · Cassowary · Parrot · Mudpack · Sulky
1965 Wool · Tern · Cashmere · Alpaca · Merlin · Wishbone · Seersucker · Wagtail · Suede · Cup · Kestrel · Palanquin · Gum Drop · Chenille · Muscovy · Tee · Buteo · Cambric · Scaup · Tweed · Petrel · Organdy · Diluted Waters · Tiny Tot · Izzer · Pongee · Bronze · Mauve · Ticking · Centaur · Screamer · Charcoal · Elkhart · Sepia · Kermet · Corduroy · Emerson · Buff
1966 Maxwell · Sienna · Lampblack · Dovekie · Reo · Plaid 2 · Rex · Red Hot · Finfoot · Clymer · Purple · Templar · Lime · Stutz · Tomato · Duryea · Fenton · Pin Stripe · Ochre · Traveler · Cyclamen · Chartreuse · Tapestry · Piranha · Dumont · Discus Thrower · Pile Driver · Tan · Puce · Double Play · Kankakee · Vulcan · Halfbeak · Saxon · Rovena · Tangerine · Derringer · Daiquiri · Newark · Khaki · Simms · Ajax · Cerise · Vigil · Sidecar · New Point · Greeley
1967 Rivet I · Nash · Bourbon · Rivet II · Ward · Persimmon · Agile · Rivet III · Mushroom · Fizz · Oakland · Heilman · Fawn · Chocolate · Effendi · Mickey · Commodore · Scotch · Absinthe · Knickerbocker · Switch · Midi Mist · Umber · Vito · Stanley · Gibson · Washer · Bordeaux · Lexington · Door Mist · Yard · Gilroy · Marvel · Zaza · Lanpher · Cognac · Sazerac · Worth · Cobbler · Polka · Stilt
1968 Hupmobile · Staccato · Brush · Mallet · Torch · Knox · Dorsal Fin · Russet · Pommard · Stinger · Milk Shake · Bevel · Noor · Shuffle · Scroll · Boxcar · Hatchet · Crock · Clarksmobile · Adze · Wembley · Tub · Rickey · Funnel · Sevilla · Chateaugay · Spud · Tanya · Imp · Rack · Diana Moon · Sled · Noggin · Knife A · Stoddard · Hudson Seal · Welder · Knife C · Vat · Hula · Bit · File · Crew · Auger · Knife B · Ming Vase · Tinderbox · Bayleaf · Tyg · Scissors · Benham
1969 Packard · Wineskin · Shave · Vise · Biggin · Winch · Nipper · Cypress · Valise · Chatty · Barsac · Coffer · Gourd · Blenton · Thistle · Purse · Aliment · Ipecac · Torrido · Tapper · Bowl · Ildrim · Hutch · Spider · Horehound · Pliers · Minute Steak · Jorum · Kyack · Seaweed · Pipkin · Seaweed B · Cruet · Pod · Calabash · Scuttle · Planer · Piccalilli · Diesel Train · Culantro · Tun · Grape A · Lovage · Terrine
1970 Fob · Ajo · Belen · Grape B · Labis · Diana Mist · Cumarin · Yannigan · Cyathus · Arabis · Jal · Shaper · Handley · Snubber · Can · Beebalm · Hod · Mint Leaf · Diamond Dust · Cornice · Manzanas · Morrones · Hudson Moon · Flask · Piton · Piton A · Arnica · Scree · Tijeras · Truchas · Abeytas · Penasco · Corazon · Canjilon · Artesia · Cream · Carpetbag · Baneberry
1971 Embudo · Dexter · Laguna · Harebell · Camphor · Diamond Mine · Miniata · Bracken · Apodaca · Barranca · Nama · Baltic · Algodones · Frijoles · Pedernal · Chantilly · Cathay · Lagoon · Diagonal Line · Parnassia · Chaenactis · Yerba · Hospah
1972 Mescalero · Cowles · Dianthus · Sappho · Onaja · Longchamps · Jicarilla · Misty North · Kara · Zinnia · Monero · Merida · Capitan · Tajique · Haplopappus · Diamond Sculls · Atarque · Cuchillo · Oscuro · Delphinium · Akbar · Arsenate · Canna · Tuloso · Solanum · Flax
1973 Alumroot · Miera · Gazook · Natoma · Angus · Colmor · Starwort · Mesita · Cabresto · Kashan · Dido Queen · Almendro · Potrillo · Portulaca · Silene · Polygonum · Waller · Husky Ace · Bernal · Pajara · Seafoam · Spar · Elida
1974 Pinedrops · Latir · Hulsea · Sapello · Portrero · Plomo · Jib · Grove · Fallon · Jara · Ming Blade · Escabosa · Crestlake · Puye · Portmanteau · Pratt · Trumbull · Stanyan · Estaca · Hybla Fair · Temescal · Puddle · Keel
1975 Portola · Teleme · Bilge · Topgallant · Cabrillo · Dining Car · Edam · Obar · Tybo · Stilton · Mizzen · Alviso · Futtock · Mast · Camembert · Marsh · Husky Pup · Kasseri · Deck · Inlet · Leyden · Chiberta
1976 Muenster · Keelson · Esrom · Fontina · Cheshire · Shallows · Estuary · Colby · Pool · Strait · Mighty Epic · Rivoli · Billet · Banon · Gouda · Sprit · Chevre · Redmud · Asiago · Sutter · Rudder
1977 Oarlock · Dofino · Marsilly · Bulkhead · Crewline · Forefoot · Carnelian · Strake · Gruyere · Flotost · Scupper · Scantling · Ebbtide · Coulommiers · Bobstay · Hybla Gold · Sandreef · Seamount · Rib · Farallones
1978 Campos · Reblochon · Karab · Topmast · Iceberg · Fondutta · Backbeach · Asco · Transom · Jackpots · Satz · Lowball · Panir · Diablo Hawk · Cremino · Draughts · Rummy · Emmenthal · Quargel · Concentration · Farm
1979 Baccarat · Quinella · Kloster · Memory · Freezeout · Pepato · Chess · Fajy · Burzet · Offshore · Nessel · Hearts · Pera · Sheepshead · Backgammon · Azul
1980 Tarko · Norbo · Liptauer · Pyramid · Colwick · Canfield · Flora · Kash · Huron King · Tafi · Verdello · Bonarda · Riola · Dutchess · Miners Iron · Dauphin · Serpa
1981 Baseball · Clairette · Seco · Vide · Aligote · Harzer · Niza · Pineau · Havarti · Islay · Trebbiano · Cernada · Paliza · Tilci · Rousanne · Akavi · Caboc
1982 Jornada · Molbo · Hosta · Tenaja · Gibne · Kryddost · Bouschet · Kesti · Nebbiolo · Monterey · Atrisco · Queso · Cerro · Diamond Ace · Huron Landing · Frisco · Borrego · Seyval · Manteca
1983 Coalora · Cheedam · Cabra · Turquoise · Armada · Crowdie · Mini Jade · Fahada · Danablu · Laban · Sabado · Jarlsberg · Chancellor · Tomme · Midnightzephyr · Branco · Techado · Navata · Muggins · Romano
1984 Gorbea · Midas Myth · Milagro · Tortugas · Agrini · Mundo · Orkney · Bellow · Caprock · Duoro · Normanna · Kappeli · Correo · Wexford · Dolcetto · Breton · Vermejo · Villita · Egmont · Tierra · Minero
1985 Vaughn · Cottage · Hermosa · Misty Rain · Towanda · Salut · Ville · Maribo · Serena · Cebrero · Chamita · Ponil · Mill Yard · Diamond Beech · Roquefort · Abo · Kinibito · Goldstone
1986 Glencoe · Mighty Oak · Mogollon · Jefferson · Panamint · Tajo · Darwin · Cybar · Cornucopia · Galveston · Aleman · Labquark · Belmont · Gascon · Bodie
1987 Hazebrook · Tornero · Middle Note · Delamar · Presidio · Hardin · Brie · Mission Ghost · Panchuela · Midland · Tahoka · Lockney · Borate · Waco · Mission Cyber
1988 Kernville · Abilene · Schellbourne · Laredo · Comstock · Rhyolite · Nightingale · Alamo · Kearsarge · Harlingen · Bullfrog · Dalhart · Monahans · Kawich A · Misty Echo
1989 Texarkana · Kawich · Ingot · Palisade · Tulia · Contact · Amarillo · Disko Elm · Hornitos · Muleshoe · Barnwell · Whiteface
1990 Metropolis · Bowie · Bullion · Austin · Mineral Quarry · Sundown · Ledoux · Tenabo · Houston
1991 Coso · Bexar · Montello · Floydada · Hoya · Distant Zenith · Lubbock · Bristol
1992 Junction · Diamond Fortune · Victoria · Galena · Hunters Trophy · Divider

Off-site tests

1964 · Mississippi Salmon
1965 · Alaska — Amchitka Long Shot
1966 · Mississippi Sterling
1967 · New Mexico Gasbuggy
1968 · Nevada (off-site) Faultless
1969 · Alaska — Amchitka · Colorado Milrow · Rulison
1971 · Alaska — Amchitka Cannikin
1973 · Colorado Rio Blanco